Summer is a time for outdoor activities, travel and enjoying fresh seasonal foods. But it can also bring environmental health challenges that affect well-being in unexpected ways
This year, several widespread public health concerns are showing the impact the environment can have on personal health. Smoke from ongoing Canadian wildfires has triggered air-quality alerts across multiple U.S. states, while high temperatures and humidity continue to increase the risk of heat-related illness.1, 2 At the same time, public health officials are monitoring rising cases of cyclosporiasis, a foodborne illness caused by a microscopic parasite that can contaminate food or water.6
“Whether it’s the quality of the air we breathe, exposure to extreme or prolonged heat or even the food we eat, environmental conditions can have a meaningful impact on our health,” said Dr. Paige Wickner, Chief Quality Officer at CVS Health. “Understanding your personal potential risks and taking simple steps to reduce risk factors can help people protect themselves and their families throughout the summer.”
Wildfire smoke and air quality risks
Wildfire smoke contains fine particles that can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. While anyone can be affected, some people are at greater risk.3, 4, 7
Those at higher risk from wildfire smoke include:
- Older adults
- Children
- Pregnant individuals
- People with asthma, COPD or other chronic lung conditions
- People with heart disease or other chronic health conditions
Symptoms of smoke exposure include:
- Coughing
- Shortness of breath
- Irritation of the eyes, nose or throat
- Worsening asthma or allergy symptoms
Poor air quality is more than a respiratory concern. Exposure to fine particulate matter has also been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and other serious health complications.3, 4, 7
People should pay attention to local air-quality alerts and be aware of changes in respiratory symptoms, particularly if they have an underlying heart or lung condition.1, 3
Heat-related illness
Extreme heat and humidity place additional stress on the body by making it harder to cool itself through sweating. Prolonged exposure can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and heat-related illness.8
Those at higher risk for heat-related illness include:8
- Older adults
- Young children
- Pregnant individuals
- Outdoor workers
- People with cardiovascular or respiratory conditions
- Anyone exposed to prolonged heat
Patients taking medications that may affect hydration or heat tolerance should speak with their pharmacist or health care provider about staying safe during periods of extreme heat.8
Warning signs of heat exhaustion include:
- Heavy sweating
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Nausea
- Muscle cramps
Warning signs of heat stroke include:
- Confusion
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures
Heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Early recognition can help prevent more serious complications.8
Food safety and Cyclospora infections
Environmental health also includes food safety
Public health officials are currently investigating increases in Cyclospora infections in several areas of the country. Cyclospora is a parasite that can contaminate food or water and cause an intestinal illness known as cyclosporiasis. Cases often increase during warmer months and have historically been associated with fresh produce.5, 6
Symptoms of Cyclospora infection may include:
- Watery diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
Symptoms often begin about a week after exposure and may continue without treatment. While cyclosporiasis is not typically life-threatening, some people can become seriously ill and require hospitalization.5, 6
Following basic food-safety practices, including handwashing and rinsing fresh produce, can help reduce the risk of foodborne illness.5
Recognizing symptoms and taking action
Although wildfire smoke, extreme heat and Cyclospora infections are unrelated health concerns, they demonstrate how environmental conditions can affect health in multiple ways
“People shouldn’t ignore symptoms that persist or worsen, whether that’s difficulty breathing during periods of poor air quality, signs of heat-related illness or ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms,” said Dr. Wickner. “Early recognition is one of the most important steps people can take to protect their health.”
Staying informed about air quality, weather conditions and food-safety guidance can help people make informed decisions throughout the summer. People should contact a health care provider if symptoms become more severe, do not improve or interfere with daily activities
How CVS Health is helping
CVS Health offers reing pharmacist consultations, medication support, virtual care and access to products that support hydration, respiratory health and overall wellness. Using risk modeling and weather-related data, at-risk members and those with the CVS Health app are proactively notified in advance of times of high heat or poor air quality, allowing time for planning and re
Pharmacists can also help patients understand how environmental factors may affect chronic conditions, answer questions about symptom management and recommend appropriate over-the-counter products
MinuteClinic® providers can evaluate symptoms related to dehydration and gastrointestinal illness, provide treatment when appropriate, discuss recent food and travel history, and refer patients for Cyclospora testing when clinically appropriate. Same-day walk-in and virtual care options are available in many communities, making it easier for patients to access care when they need it
Oak Street Health provides primary care for older adults and support for managing chronic conditions that can be impacted by extreme heat and poor air quality. Many centers also have community rooms that offer a safe, air-conditioned space where older adults can stay connected with others in their community and maintain important social connections during periods of extreme weather
As environmental health concerns continue to evolve, trusted health care guidance can help people make informed decisions, recognize potential health concerns early and take proactive steps to protect their health all summer long
